Read the Nepali given names Buddha, Siddha and Gyani as names outside a title phrase (#869, #752 phase 2j)

docs/design/decisions/H9-title-phrase.md

@@ -45,3 +45,8 @@
   - THE COUNTS, recorded on the words (`uv run python tools/name_usage.py Mahdi Bard Bård`, 2026-10-26): `mahdi` given US SSA 2,398 births, Wikidata 141 (a lower bound; Iran 43, Iraq 9), nam_dict band 5 in Arabia/Persia, family Census 1,241, Wikidata 13; `bard` given US SSA 218 (SSA folds `Bård`), Wikidata 10 and 107 more spelled `Bård`, nam_dict band 5 in Norway as `Bård`, family Census 5,953, Wikidata 100. PSC's filers put `Mahdi` in the forename box 84 times as its first word and never in the title box (#853, #867).
   - MEASURED (2026-10-26, against master `32049ade`, py3.11, every local check with `--base`). PSC (1,039,174 scored, the fetch dated 2026-10-22): 79 records fixed, none broken, 6 changed, the 6 still disagreeing only because the filer typed two words in the surname box, which the default order reads as middle and family (`Mr MAHDI Aa Aa`, `Aa MAHDI Aa Aa`). ctgov-officials 6 moved, each a `Mahdi Aa, CRED` shape now read with given 'Mahdi'; fec-individuals 20, all fixes: `AA, MAHDI` 10, `AA, BARD` 6, and one each of `AA AA, MAHDI`, `AA, BARD AA`, `AA, BARD A. T` and `BARD AA, AA`, whose family part keeps `BARD` as a surname where H6 had peeled it as a title. The committed corpora, CLDR and GND agreement, and tse-donors do not move: no committed corpus held either word before this change, whose rules examples add two. Spelling consistency (mechanisms.md#PAIRED-SPELLINGS-PER-CHANGE, per person, against master): jrc-names 44 persons now alike and none apart, of 218,822 with two or more spellings, the spellings that read the word as a title and those that did not; nepal-candidates 0 and 0.
   Recompute: `uv run python tools/differential/local_agreement.py psc-individuals --base <checkout of this commit's parent>`, and `uv run python tools/differential/snapshot.py --local ctgov-officials --base <the same checkout>` (and `fec-individuals`, `tse-donors`).
+- **2026-10-26 #752, phase 2j, `buddha`, `siddha` and `gyani` (#869) — THE THIRD TITLE BATCH: THE FIRST HALVES OF NEPALI COMPOUND GIVEN NAMES.** The batch decisions/vocabulary-model's 2026-10-24 #752 (Derek) entry put third, Derek having agreed there that the three go in the default gate and `guru` to a `ne` pack (its Devanagari twin `गुरु` must move with it; none of the three has a listed twin). Each gains a declared `given` reading and is a title only inside a title phrase; no listed phrase holds any of them, so nothing is reported. `Buddha Bahadur Tamang`, `Gyani Maya Gurung`, `Siddha Raj Joshi` and `Tamang, Buddha Bahadur` read given 'Buddha', 'Gyani', 'Siddha', where 1.4.0 through 2.6.0 read the word as the title and the compound's second half as the given name. A title phrase keeps the title (`His Holiness Buddha Ram`, `Buddha of Kapilavastu Ram`), and the other sites read as for `mahdi` (the entry above): ending the name, alone after a full name and a comma, past a second comma, and before a family comma, where H6 no longer peels the word from the family part (`Buddha Tamang, Ram` → family 'Buddha Tamang', `Dr. Buddha Tamang, Ram` → title 'Dr.', family 'Buddha Tamang'). Under either family-first order the word before a name is the family name (`Lord Buddha Tamang` → family 'Buddha'). Written with its period before `and` it joins the next word as a name (`Buddha. and Maya Gurung` → given 'Buddha. and Maya'), as an unlisted word does: master and 2.6.0 already read `Dean. and Mary Smith` so, and rules/H9's connective precedence bullet and a new P3 bullet in rules/H2 now say it, H9's H2 bullet naming the exception (the review of this batch found both rules claiming the shape always won; the reading is 1.4.0's, and `Xyz. and Mary Smith` reads the same). Behind another title the period-marked spelling stays a title by H2's shape (`Mr Buddha. Tamang` → title 'Mr Buddha.', as master read `Mr Dean. Smith`), which H9's H2 bullet now states for the leading run, not only the front.
+  - THE COUNTS. Outside Nepal the sources barely see the words (`uv run python tools/name_usage.py Buddha Siddha Gyani`, 2026-10-26): `buddha` given US SSA 6 births and Wikidata 4, recorded as counts; `siddha` and `gyani` reach neither source's floor, so their readings stand without a count and their notes give nepal-candidates' figures, 12 and 38 of 126,981 pairs (Buddha 83), every one the first half of a compound given name, none after a comma.
+  - THE COSTS, in rules/H9's Accepted clause, none written by any name the corpora hold (0 matches in the eight local corpora and the committed ones, 2026-10-26): the Sikh title in the spelling `Gyani` before a name reads as the given name (`Gyani Zail Singh`; its usual spelling `giani` has no given reading and keeps the title); a title before the word that is no style, modifier or attaching title is no partner (`Lord Buddha Tamang` → given 'Buddha'; `His Holiness Buddha Ram` and `Grand Buddha Ram` keep the title); and the epithet with its article reads as the `mahdi` entry's does, after a comma and before a name (`Ram Tamang, the Buddha` → given 'the Buddha', `The Buddha Ram` → given 'The Buddha').
+  - MEASURED (2026-10-26, against master `021028b2`, py3.11, every local check with `--base`). nepal-candidates: 121 romanized names moved (`snapshot.py --local nepal-candidates`), 117 the word read out of the title alone and 4 gaining or losing a report: 2 lose H4's `title-or-name`, the name having been nothing but vocabulary (`Gyani Lama`, `lama` a title too, as `Lord Buddha` and `Lord Mahdi` lose it), and 2 gain the `suffix-or-name` any name with a trailing credential word and words to spare gets (`Buddha Lama ma` reads as `Ram Lama ma`). Spelling consistency (mechanisms.md#PAIRED-SPELLINGS-PER-CHANGE, romanized against Devanagari, by structure): 128 pairs now alike, none apart. ctgov-officials 4 moved, all fixes, 2 of them one official written twice whose credential master read as the given name (`Buddha Aa, CAPS, Aa, CAPS` → given 'Buddha', the credentials suffixes, `suffix-or-name` on the name word between them). PSC (1,039,174 scored), fec-individuals, tse-donors, jrc-names, the committed corpora and CLDR and GND agreement do not move.
+  Recompute: `uv run python tools/differential/snapshot.py --local nepal-candidates --base <checkout of this commit's parent>` (and `ctgov-officials`); the pairs compare `local_corpora._read`'s structure of each record's `name` and `devanagari` in each tree, run from that tree's checkout.

docs/design/decisions/vocabulary-model.md

@@ -217,6 +217,7 @@ Open: #752 (phase 2, derived ambiguity; its sub-phases 2a to 2m, each its own PR
   - `dean`, `justice` and `major` gain an office or military reading beside a dated `given` one; `justice`'s exclusion (#606) is replaced by the reading. The batches of 2j declare the rest.
   Adding the four fields changes `Lexicon`'s pickle layout, as phase 2h did.
 - **2026-10-26 #752, phase 2i (Derek) — `attaches` MAY NAME A TITLE WORD AS WELL AS A KIND, AND `grace` AND `marshal` JOIN THE CONTESTED TITLES.** Amends the `attaches` bullet of the 2026-10-25 #752, phase 2i entry: a kind reaches every word that later joins it, and once `marshal` became a contested military word the military kind made `Sgt Marshal Smith` a title phrase. A list entry that is no kind must be a word with a title reading (a build check, its mutation in tests/v2/test_vocab.py). `major` attaches to `general` and `sergeant` and `sgt` to `major`. `grace` (style) and `marshal` (military, its #606 exclusion replaced) carry dated `given` readings. The measurement and Derek's answers are decisions/H9's entry of this date.
+- **2026-10-26 #752, phase 2j, `buddha`, `siddha` and `gyani` (#869) — THE THIRD TITLE BATCH: each has a declared `given` reading**, `siddha`'s and `gyani`'s without a count, which their notes explain: the first halves of Nepali compound given names, which no source outside nepal-candidates counts. `Buddha Bahadur Tamang` reads given 'Buddha', middle 'Bahadur'; `guru` stays a title for a `ne` pack (the 2026-10-24 #752 (Derek) entry). The measurement is decisions/H9's entry of this date.
 - **2026-10-26 #752, phase 2j, `mahdi` and `bard` (#867) — THE SECOND TITLE BATCH: both words have a dated `given` reading.** `Mahdi Karimi`, `Mr Mahdi Karimi`, `Karimi, Mahdi` and `Bard Larsen` read the given name, where 1.4.0 through 2.6.0 read a title; no listed phrase holds either word, so nothing is reported. The measurement is decisions/H9's entry of this date.
 - **2026-10-26 #752, phase 2j, `wing` — THE FIRST TITLE BATCH: `wing` HAS A DATED `given` READING.** The order is the 2026-10-24 #752 (Derek) entry's. Decision 10 had already read `wing` as a name at the head of the name, so the reading reaches the parts decision 10 left as listed, after a comma and ending the name: `Lau, Wing Kai` reads given 'Wing', and `John Smith Wing.` family 'Wing.'. The rule and the measurement are decisions/H9's entry of this date.
 - **2026-10-26 (Derek), #785 — PHASE 2g NARROWED: a capitals member with a name word behind it, and no family comma, does not start the credential's run**, the name word being evidence of initials; `Maria Ana MA Silva`, `Jean Pierre MA DUPONT` and `Mary Jane MA King` keep the readings 1.4.0 through 2.6.0 gave, and `John Smith MA Jones` keeping family 'Jones' is the cost. The record is decisions/S6's entry of this date.

docs/design/rules/H2-leading-abbreviation-title.md

@@ -49,6 +49,10 @@
   "John Smith Ma."            →  family="Ma."
   "Smith, John Ma"            →  middle="Ma"
   ```
+- **A connective after the abbreviation** (P3): the join takes it with the word after the connective before the shape is asked of it, so the two read as two names joined.
+  ```
+  "Xyz. and Mary Smith"       →  given="Xyz. and Mary"
+  ```
 
 **Accepted:**
 

docs/design/rules/H9-title-phrase.md

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
   "Grace Dean Smith"          →  given="Grace"
   "Sgt Marshal Smith"         →  given="Marshal"
   "Mr Mahdi Karimi"           →  given="Mahdi"
+  "Buddha Bahadur Tamang"     →  given="Buddha"
   ```
 - **A modifier in the leading run of titles before the first comma** has its phrase in a head title after it in that run, in `of` after it, or in the object of `of` or `the` there. A modifier outside that run, ending the name or after a comma, is read as any title is, save one that may be a given name, which is read everywhere as it is in that run.
   ```
@@ -65,19 +66,21 @@
   ```
   "Hon. Wing Lau"             →  given="Wing"
   ```
-- **A period-marked word at the front of the name** (H2): the abbreviation shape makes it a title whatever the vocabulary says, save a given name written short, so the phrase test never reaches it and nothing is reported.
+- **A period-marked word in the leading run of titles** (H2): the abbreviation shape makes it a title whatever the vocabulary says, save a given name written short or a word a connective joins (below), so the phrase test never reaches it and nothing is reported, at the front of the name or behind another title.
   ```
   "Dean. Smith"               →  title="Dean."
   "Wing. Lau"                 →  title="Wing."
+  "Mr Buddha. Tamang"         →  title="Mr Buddha."
   ```
 - **A title run** (H3, H4): a word this rule reads as a name word is no title word to the run, so the run stops before it and does not count it.
   ```
   "Mr Dean Smith"             →  title="Mr"
   "Dean"                      →  given="Dean"
   ```
-- **A connective after the word** (P3): only `of` makes a phrase of the join, so a word read as a name word before `and` joins the next word as two names join.
+- **A connective after the word** (P3): only `of` makes a phrase of the join, so a word read as a name word before `and` joins the next word as two names join, and so does one written with its period, the join taking it before H2's shape is asked.
   ```
   "Dean and Mary Smith"       →  given="Dean and Mary"
+  "Dean. and Mary Smith"      →  given="Dean. and Mary"
   ```
 - **A title that may be a given name which a caller lists in `titles`** is a title wherever it stands, since that is what listing it asks; a modifier is read by this rule however it is listed, and leaving its word out of the modifiers turns the rule off for it.
 
@@ -110,6 +113,11 @@
   "The Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad"  →  given="The Mahdi"
   "William Shakespeare, the Bard"  →  given="the Bard"
   ```
+- A religious title that opens given names in another tradition, written bare, reads as a name word before a name in every tradition, behind any title but a style, a modifier or one that attaches to it; no name data at hand writes the title there.
+  ```
+  "Gyani Zail Singh"          →  given="Gyani"
+  "Lord Buddha Tamang"        →  given="Buddha"
+  ```
 - Once a partner has made the word a title, a coordinating join behind it takes the next word into the title too.
   ```
   "Chief Dean and Mary Smith" →  title="Chief Dean and Mary"

docs/release_log.rst

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ Release Log
     - **Read the Brazilian agnomens and French fils as suffixes where the name has a word to spare.** ``Pedro Alves Filho`` and ``Alexandre Dumas fils`` give last ``Alves`` and ``Dumas``, suffix ``Filho`` and ``fils``, where 1.4.0 through 2.6.0 gave middle ``Alves`` and ``Dumas``, last ``Filho`` and ``fils``; ``Neto``, ``Netto``, ``Sobrinho`` and the feminines ``Filha``, ``Neta``, ``Sobrinha`` read the same way. Each is a surname too, so a name of two words keeps it as the last name (``Ana Neto``, ``PEDRO FILHO``) and ``Fils`` in Title case in a mixed-case name stays the last name (``Marie Fils``), the parse reports the choice as a ``suffix-or-name`` ambiguity. ``Lexicon.suffix_words_ambiguous`` lists the words and ``Lexicon.agnomens`` the ones read by the word count alone. :issue:`843`, :issue:`752`
     - **Read a credential that is also a name, written in capitals in a mixed-case name, as settled.** ``John Smith MA`` reports no ``suffix-or-name`` ambiguity, where 2.0.0 through 2.6.0 reported one, and ``Smith, John MA Jones`` gives suffix ``MA Jones``, where 2.0.0 through 2.6.0 gave middle ``MA Jones`` and 1.4.0 middle ``Jones``, suffix ``MA``. A name written in one case still reports (``JOHN SMITH MA``), and with no comma a name word behind the capitals keeps them a name word, since they may be initials (``Maria Ana MA Silva`` keeps last ``Silva``). :issue:`785`, :issue:`752`
     - **Read a title that is also a given name as a title only inside a title phrase.** ``Chief Justice John Roberts`` gives title ``Chief Justice``, first ``John``, where 1.4.0 through 2.6.0 gave title ``Chief``, first ``Justice``; ``Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery``, ``Dean of Students Jane Smith`` and ``Major General John Smith`` give the phrase as the title too. Outside a phrase the word is still a name, so ``Dean Smith`` and ``Grace Smith`` give first ``Dean`` and ``Grace``; ``Dean Smith`` now reports a ``title-or-name`` ambiguity unless a comma has marked the given name (``Smith, Dean``), while ``Grace``, a title only in a phrase such as ``His Grace``, reports nothing. Listing the word as a title still makes it one everywhere (``Lexicon.default().add(titles={"dean"})``). :issue:`752`, :issue:`853`
+    - **Fix the Nepali given names Buddha, Siddha and Gyani reading as titles.** ``Buddha Bahadur Tamang`` and ``Gyani Maya Gurung`` give first ``Buddha`` and ``Gyani``, middle ``Bahadur`` and ``Maya``, where 1.4.0 through 2.6.0 gave title ``Buddha`` and ``Gyani``, first ``Bahadur`` and ``Maya``; ``Siddha Raj Joshi`` and ``Tamang, Buddha Bahadur`` read the same. ``Guru`` is still a title. The Sikh title written ``Gyani`` reads as a given name too (``Gyani Zail Singh``); its usual spelling ``Giani`` is still a title. :issue:`869`, :issue:`752`
     - **Fix the given names Mahdi and Bard reading as titles.** ``Mahdi Karimi`` and ``Bard Larsen`` give first ``Mahdi`` and ``Bard``, where 1.4.0 through 2.6.0 gave title ``Mahdi`` and ``Bard`` with no first name; ``Mr Mahdi Karimi`` and ``Karimi, Mahdi`` read the same. Inside a title phrase either is still a title (``Mahdi of Sudan``), but the epithet with its article is not: ``Muhammad Ahmad, the Mahdi`` gives first ``the Mahdi``, last ``Muhammad Ahmad``, where 1.4.0 through 2.6.0 gave title ``the Mahdi``. :issue:`867`, :issue:`752`
     - **Fix a lone title qualifier at the head of a name reading as a title.** ``Wing Lau`` and ``Mr Wing Lau`` give first ``Wing``, where 1.4.0 through 2.6.0 gave title ``Wing`` and ``Mr Wing``; a qualifier such as ``Wing``, ``Vice`` or ``Grand`` is a title only with a title after it (``Wing Commander Lau``). After a comma it is still a title (``John Smith, Vice``), except ``Wing``, which is also a given name: ``Lau, Wing Kai`` gives first ``Wing``, middle ``Kai``, where 1.4.0 through 2.6.0 gave title ``Wing``, first ``Kai``. ``John Smith Wing.`` gives last ``Wing.``, as 1.4.0 through 2.2.0 did, where 2.3.0 through 2.6.0 gave title ``Wing.``. Like ``Dean``, it reverses a full name before a comma (``John Smith, Wing`` gives first ``Wing``, last ``John Smith``). :issue:`752`
     - **Read Chas., Wm. and the other given names written short as given names rather than titles.** ``Chas. Smith`` and ``Ma. Cristina Reyes`` give first ``Chas.`` and ``Ma.``, where 1.4.0 through 2.6.0 gave title ``Chas.`` and ``Ma.``; ``Thos.``, ``Jas.``, ``Geo.``, ``Robt.``, ``Benj.``, ``Jno.``, ``Saml.``, ``Edw.``, ``Richd.``, ``Wm.`` and the Filipino ``Jo.`` read the same way, behind a title too (``Mrs Ma. Liza Cruz`` gives title ``Mrs``, first ``Ma.``). An unlisted abbreviation in front is still a title (``Insp. Jane Morse``), and ``Lexicon.given_name_abbreviations`` lists the words. :issue:`789`, :issue:`752`

nameparser/config/_compiled.py

@@ -167,7 +167,6 @@
     'british',
     'broadcaster',
     'brother',
-    'buddha',
     'burgess',
     'burlesque',
     'business',
@@ -380,7 +379,6 @@
     'gräfin',
     'guitarist',
     'guru',
-    'gyani',
     'gysgt',
     'hajji',
     'headman',
@@ -683,7 +681,6 @@
     'sheikh',
     'shekh',
     'sheriff',
-    'siddha',
     'sig.na',
     'sig.ra',
     'signor',
@@ -965,12 +962,15 @@
 
 TITLES_AMBIGUOUS: frozenset[str] = frozenset({
     'bard',
+    'buddha',
     'dean',
     'grace',
+    'gyani',
     'justice',
     'mahdi',
     'major',
     'marshal',
+    'siddha',
     'wing',
 })
 

nameparser/vocab/en.toml

@@ -175,7 +175,8 @@ religious = { addresses = "given", gender = "m", expands = "a member of a religi
 
 [[word]]
 text = "buddha"
-religious = {}
+religious = { issue = 869, decided = 2026-10-26, note = "a title only inside a title phrase, its given reading the clash (rules/H9): 'Buddha Bahadur Tamang' reads the given name, unreported, since no listed phrase holds it" }
+given = { us_ssa = 6, wikidata = 4, as_of = 2026-10-26, note = "US SSA: male births; Wikidata is a lower bound; the first half of Nepali compound given names (Buddha Bahadur, Buddha Maya): 83 of nepal-candidates' 126,981 pairs write it, opening the name in 79" }
 
 [[word]]
 text = "canon"
@@ -299,7 +300,8 @@ religious = {}
 
 [[word]]
 text = "siddha"
-religious = {}
+religious = { issue = 869, decided = 2026-10-26, note = "a title only inside a title phrase, its given reading the clash (rules/H9): 'Siddha Raj Joshi' reads the given name, unreported, since no listed phrase holds it" }
+given = { note = "no US SSA year reaches 5 births and Wikidata counts no one; declared as the first half of Nepali compound given names (Siddha Raj): 12 of nepal-candidates' 126,981 pairs write it, each opening the name (2026-10-26)" }
 
 [[word]]
 text = "sister"

nameparser/vocab/pa.toml

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ religious = { expands = "a learned Sikh", native = "ਗਿਆਨੀ" }
 
 [[word]]
 text = "gyani"
-religious = { same_as = "giani" }
+religious = { same_as = "giani", issue = 869, decided = 2026-10-26, note = "a title only inside a title phrase, its given reading the clash (rules/H9): 'Gyani Maya Gurung' reads the given name, unreported, since no listed phrase holds it; the Sikh title keeps its usual spelling giani" }
+given = { note = "no US SSA year reaches 5 births and Wikidata counts no one; declared as the first half of Nepali compound given names (Gyani Maya): 38 of nepal-candidates' 126,981 pairs write it, opening the name in 37 (2026-10-26)" }
 
 [[word]]
 text = "guru"