From 68f773f85cba76d7cc9c57f2fd2f2f043b9ad063 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: bobbyxng Date: Tue, 27 Oct 2026 11:28:49 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] correct the nuclear fuel price to Lazard's LCOE+ 2026 (was too high) --- docs/release_notes.rst | 2 ++ inputs/manual_input.csv | 8 ++++---- outputs/US/costs_2020.csv | 2 +- outputs/US/costs_2025.csv | 2 +- outputs/US/costs_2030.csv | 2 +- outputs/US/costs_2035.csv | 2 +- outputs/US/costs_2040.csv | 2 +- outputs/US/costs_2045.csv | 2 +- outputs/US/costs_2050.csv | 2 +- outputs/costs_2020.csv | 4 ++-- outputs/costs_2025.csv | 4 ++-- outputs/costs_2030.csv | 4 ++-- outputs/costs_2035.csv | 4 ++-- outputs/costs_2040.csv | 4 ++-- outputs/costs_2045.csv | 4 ++-- outputs/costs_2050.csv | 4 ++-- 16 files changed, 27 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/release_notes.rst b/docs/release_notes.rst index b84487d4..75958979 100644 --- a/docs/release_notes.rst +++ b/docs/release_notes.rst @@ -19,6 +19,8 @@ Upcoming Release * Add cost assumptions for water network infrastructure: water pipeline HDPE and water pipeline booster pump (https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/pull/277) +* Correct the nuclear fuel price (``nuclear``, ``uranium``) to Lazard's LCOE+ v19.0 (2026) assumption of 0.85 USD/MMBtu, i.e. 2.50 EUR(2026)/MWh_th. The TYNDP 2024 value it replaces (1.6808 EUR/GJ) is the 2011-2021 average of EIA's nuclear fuel expenses per kWh of electricity generated (EIA Table 8.4), so using it as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high). + `v0.15.0 `__ (9th June 2026) ================================================================================================ diff --git a/inputs/manual_input.csv b/inputs/manual_input.csv index caf5e497..5317c189 100644 --- a/inputs/manual_input.csv +++ b/inputs/manual_input.csv @@ -456,10 +456,10 @@ nuclear,FOM,2020,1.27,%/year,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - nuclear,VOM,2020,4.24,EUR/MWh_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) ." nuclear,lifetime,2020,40,years,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.", nuclear,efficiency,2020,0.326,p.u.,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260." -nuclear,fuel,2030,6.1,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh." -uranium,fuel,2030,6.1,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh." -nuclear,fuel,2050,6.1,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh." -uranium,fuel,2050,6.1,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh." +nuclear,fuel,2030,2.5,EUR/MWh_th,2026,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high)." +uranium,fuel,2030,2.5,EUR/MWh_th,2026,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high)." +nuclear,fuel,2050,2.5,EUR/MWh_th,2026,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high)." +uranium,fuel,2050,2.5,EUR/MWh_th,2026,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high)." coal,investment,2020,4575.69,EUR/kW_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR)." coal,FOM,2020,1.31,%/year,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100." coal,VOM,2020,3.89908256880734,EUR/MWh_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR)." diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv index 7cbdbcfc..65cabc5f 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv @@ -4404,7 +4404,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, -uranium,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0,, +uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0,, waste CHP,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, waste CHP,VOM,36.4363,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0,, waste CHP,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv index 862b247b..6b229a4e 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv @@ -4474,7 +4474,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, -uranium,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0,, +uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0,, waste CHP,FOM,2.3789,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, waste CHP,VOM,35.9309,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0,, waste CHP,c_b,0.2872,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv index b8140b75..23714058 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv @@ -4666,7 +4666,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, -uranium,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0,, +uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0,, waste CHP,FOM,2.355,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, waste CHP,VOM,35.4254,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0,, waste CHP,c_b,0.2918,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv index 91268920..eb9c2a78 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv @@ -4690,7 +4690,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, -uranium,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0,, +uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0,, waste CHP,FOM,2.3408,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, waste CHP,VOM,35.0974,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0,, waste CHP,c_b,0.2947,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv index d7af51dd..1edbf2c7 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv @@ -4690,7 +4690,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, -uranium,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0,, +uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0,, waste CHP,FOM,2.3255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, waste CHP,VOM,34.7695,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0,, waste CHP,c_b,0.2976,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv index f42f6d54..672c1f5e 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv @@ -4690,7 +4690,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, -uranium,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0,, +uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0,, waste CHP,FOM,2.3092,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, waste CHP,VOM,34.4415,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0,, waste CHP,c_b,0.3005,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv index 0bd572ae..3be5908e 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv @@ -4690,7 +4690,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, -uranium,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0,, +uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0,, waste CHP,FOM,2.2917,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, waste CHP,VOM,34.1135,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0,, waste CHP,c_b,0.3034,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/costs_2020.csv b/outputs/costs_2020.csv index 401256d1..e665ce13 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2020.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2020.csv @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,4.459,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0 +nuclear,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 nuclear,investment,10805.7038,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.5093,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0 +uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,36.4363,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2025.csv b/outputs/costs_2025.csv index 739fb6a2..3463a75f 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2025.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2025.csv @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,4.459,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0 +nuclear,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 nuclear,investment,10805.7038,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.3741,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0 +uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.3789,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,35.9309,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.2872,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2030.csv b/outputs/costs_2030.csv index 3f11f846..c68a564e 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2030.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2030.csv @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,4.459,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0 +nuclear,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 nuclear,investment,10805.7038,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.3185,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0 +uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.355,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,35.4254,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.2918,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2035.csv b/outputs/costs_2035.csv index 6cdfc1ff..d555bf04 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2035.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2035.csv @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,4.459,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0 +nuclear,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 nuclear,investment,10805.7038,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0 +uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.3408,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,35.0974,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.2947,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2040.csv b/outputs/costs_2040.csv index 9aee8c35..c8d61cf6 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2040.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2040.csv @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,4.459,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0 +nuclear,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 nuclear,investment,10805.7038,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.1762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0 +uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.3255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,34.7695,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.2976,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2045.csv b/outputs/costs_2045.csv index e32c7482..8346b190 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2045.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2045.csv @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,4.459,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0 +nuclear,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 nuclear,investment,10805.7038,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.1709,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0 +uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.3092,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,34.4415,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.3005,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2050.csv b/outputs/costs_2050.csv index 8ff494eb..389971c1 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2050.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2050.csv @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,4.459,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0 +nuclear,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 nuclear,investment,10805.7038,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.1655,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,7.4536,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2025.0 +uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.2917,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,34.1135,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.3034,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 From 6b11c5348eb27e61ff2e824bb63602e1ce6e4b05 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: bobbyxng Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 15:36:18 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] use Lazard 2023 currency year for nuclear fuel price and shorten descriptions --- docs/release_notes.rst | 2 +- inputs/manual_input.csv | 8 ++++---- outputs/US/costs_2020.csv | 2 +- outputs/US/costs_2025.csv | 2 +- outputs/US/costs_2030.csv | 2 +- outputs/US/costs_2035.csv | 2 +- outputs/US/costs_2040.csv | 2 +- outputs/US/costs_2045.csv | 2 +- outputs/US/costs_2050.csv | 2 +- outputs/costs_2020.csv | 4 ++-- outputs/costs_2025.csv | 4 ++-- outputs/costs_2030.csv | 4 ++-- outputs/costs_2035.csv | 4 ++-- outputs/costs_2040.csv | 4 ++-- outputs/costs_2045.csv | 4 ++-- outputs/costs_2050.csv | 4 ++-- 16 files changed, 26 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/release_notes.rst b/docs/release_notes.rst index 75958979..58bcb3f0 100644 --- a/docs/release_notes.rst +++ b/docs/release_notes.rst @@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ Upcoming Release * Add cost assumptions for water network infrastructure: water pipeline HDPE and water pipeline booster pump (https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/pull/277) -* Correct the nuclear fuel price (``nuclear``, ``uranium``) to Lazard's LCOE+ v19.0 (2026) assumption of 0.85 USD/MMBtu, i.e. 2.50 EUR(2026)/MWh_th. The TYNDP 2024 value it replaces (1.6808 EUR/GJ) is the 2011-2021 average of EIA's nuclear fuel expenses per kWh of electricity generated (EIA Table 8.4), so using it as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high). +* Correct the nuclear fuel price (``nuclear``, ``uranium``) using Lazard's LCOE+ assumption (https://github.com/PyPSA/technology-data/pull/291) `v0.15.0 `__ (9th June 2026) ================================================================================================ diff --git a/inputs/manual_input.csv b/inputs/manual_input.csv index 5317c189..469f8dd7 100644 --- a/inputs/manual_input.csv +++ b/inputs/manual_input.csv @@ -456,10 +456,10 @@ nuclear,FOM,2020,1.27,%/year,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - nuclear,VOM,2020,4.24,EUR/MWh_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) ." nuclear,lifetime,2020,40,years,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.", nuclear,efficiency,2020,0.326,p.u.,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260." -nuclear,fuel,2030,2.5,EUR/MWh_th,2026,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high)." -uranium,fuel,2030,2.5,EUR/MWh_th,2026,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high)." -nuclear,fuel,2050,2.5,EUR/MWh_th,2026,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high)." -uranium,fuel,2050,2.5,EUR/MWh_th,2026,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high)." +nuclear,fuel,2030,2.66,EUR/MWh_th,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th." +uranium,fuel,2030,2.66,EUR/MWh_th,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th." +nuclear,fuel,2050,2.66,EUR/MWh_th,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th." +uranium,fuel,2050,2.66,EUR/MWh_th,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th." coal,investment,2020,4575.69,EUR/kW_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR)." coal,FOM,2020,1.31,%/year,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100." coal,VOM,2020,3.89908256880734,EUR/MWh_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR)." diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv index 65cabc5f..eb62a400 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2020.csv @@ -4404,7 +4404,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, -uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0,, +uranium,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0,, waste CHP,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, waste CHP,VOM,36.4363,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0,, waste CHP,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv index 6b229a4e..e70c734e 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2025.csv @@ -4474,7 +4474,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, -uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0,, +uranium,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0,, waste CHP,FOM,2.3789,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, waste CHP,VOM,35.9309,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0,, waste CHP,c_b,0.2872,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv index 23714058..11c9458d 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2030.csv @@ -4666,7 +4666,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, -uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0,, +uranium,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0,, waste CHP,FOM,2.355,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, waste CHP,VOM,35.4254,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0,, waste CHP,c_b,0.2918,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv index eb9c2a78..383c50f6 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2035.csv @@ -4690,7 +4690,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, -uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0,, +uranium,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0,, waste CHP,FOM,2.3408,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, waste CHP,VOM,35.0974,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0,, waste CHP,c_b,0.2947,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv index 1edbf2c7..be284470 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2040.csv @@ -4690,7 +4690,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, -uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0,, +uranium,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0,, waste CHP,FOM,2.3255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, waste CHP,VOM,34.7695,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0,, waste CHP,c_b,0.2976,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv index 672c1f5e..7f2a26df 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2045.csv @@ -4690,7 +4690,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, -uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0,, +uranium,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0,, waste CHP,FOM,2.3092,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, waste CHP,VOM,34.4415,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0,, waste CHP,c_b,0.3005,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv b/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv index 3be5908e..d0a5fac0 100644 --- a/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv +++ b/outputs/US/costs_2050.csv @@ -4690,7 +4690,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0,, steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0,, -uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0,, +uranium,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0,, waste CHP,FOM,2.2917,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0,, waste CHP,VOM,34.1135,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0,, waste CHP,c_b,0.3034,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0,, diff --git a/outputs/costs_2020.csv b/outputs/costs_2020.csv index e665ce13..753e6bf7 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2020.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2020.csv @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,4.459,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 +nuclear,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0 nuclear,investment,10805.7038,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.5093,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 +uranium,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,36.4363,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2025.csv b/outputs/costs_2025.csv index 3463a75f..01a6480e 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2025.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2025.csv @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,4.459,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 +nuclear,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0 nuclear,investment,10805.7038,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.3741,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 +uranium,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.3789,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,35.9309,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.2872,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2030.csv b/outputs/costs_2030.csv index c68a564e..9e86388d 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2030.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2030.csv @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,4.459,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 +nuclear,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0 nuclear,investment,10805.7038,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.3185,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 +uranium,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.355,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,35.4254,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.2918,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2035.csv b/outputs/costs_2035.csv index d555bf04..a7e0ff20 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2035.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2035.csv @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,4.459,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 +nuclear,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0 nuclear,investment,10805.7038,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 +uranium,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.3408,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,35.0974,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.2947,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2040.csv b/outputs/costs_2040.csv index c8d61cf6..b19e4206 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2040.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2040.csv @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,4.459,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 +nuclear,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0 nuclear,investment,10805.7038,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.1762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 +uranium,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.3255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,34.7695,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.2976,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2045.csv b/outputs/costs_2045.csv index 8346b190..c66bed09 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2045.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2045.csv @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,4.459,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 +nuclear,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0 nuclear,investment,10805.7038,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.1709,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 +uranium,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.3092,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,34.4415,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.3005,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2050.csv b/outputs/costs_2050.csv index 389971c1..8e01a1c2 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2050.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2050.csv @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,4.459,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 +nuclear,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0 nuclear,investment,10805.7038,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2025.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.1655,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,4477916.402,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2025.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,2.4448,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy+ (LCOE+) - version 19.0 (2026): https://www.lazard.com/media/kcfconhf/lazards-lcoeplus_vf.pdf , pg. 7 (footnote 3) and pg. 28 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Assumptions), accessed: 2026-10-22.","Fuel price for nuclear generation 0.85 USD/MMBtu (thermal input), held constant by Lazard: 0.85 USD/MMBtu * 3.412142 MMBtu/MWh_th = 2.900 USD/MWh_th, converted at 1.16 USD/EUR (ECB average January-September 2026, monthly series EXR.M.USD.EUR.SP00.A; the 2026 annual average is not yet available). Lazard keeps this value constant for year-over-year comparison (identical in version 16.0, 2023, pg. 49) and does not state its currency year; the edition year 2026 is used, as the version 16.0 rows use 2023. Replaces the TYNDP 2024 value of 1.6808 EUR/GJ, which the TYNDP workbook derives in sheet IEA - References, cell E24, as AVERAGE(EIA Table 8.4 nuclear fuel expenses 2011-2021) * 0.84 EUR/USD / 3.6 GJ/MWh; EIA Table 8.4 is in mills per kWh weighted by net generation, i.e. USD per MWh of electricity, so using the result as a thermal fuel price applied the plant efficiency twice (about 3x too high).",2025.0 +uranium,fuel,2.7974,EUR/MWh_th,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","0.85 USD/MMBtu fuel price for nuclear (held constant by Lazard, also in version 19.0 (2026)), i.e. 0.85 * 3.412142 / 1.09 = 2.66 EUR/MWh_th.",2025.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.2917,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,34.1135,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2025.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.3034,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0